Nuklearno oružje i međunarodno krivično pravo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5937/crimen2502218SKljučne reči:
nuklearno oružje, međunarodno krivično pravo, međunarodno humanitarno pravo, Međunarodni krivični sud, ratni zločiniApstrakt
Osnovni cilj ovog rada jese istraživanje statusa nuklearnog oružja, odnosno njihove upotrebe i pretnje njima, prema međunarodnom krivičnom pravu. U tom smislu se autor, nakon uvodnih izlaganja o nekim od najrelevantnijih tehničkih pitanja u pogledu nuklearnog oružja, kao i kratkog osvrta na opšti stav međunarodnog prava prema njima, fokusira na tzv. dva nivoa moguće reakcije međunarodnog krivičnog prava u odnosu na ovu vrstu oružja. Prvi nivo te reakcije, koji se može nazvati opštim, obuhvata slučajeve u kojima se nuklearno oružje može javiti kao sredstvo izvršenja međunarodnih krivičnih dela u užem smislu – u tom pogledu, krivičnopravni status nuklearnog oružja suštinski nije drugačiji od statusa bilo kog drugog sredstva (npr. konvencionalnog oružja) koje je podobno da bude sredstvo izvršenja ovih krivičnih dela. Sa druge strane, drugi nivo potencijalne reakcije jeste proglašavanje upotrebe nuklearnog oružja za krivično delo per se, nezavisno od konkretnih posledica te upotrebe. Drugi nivo reakcije međunarodnog krivičnog prava na nuklearno oružje je i dalje u de lege ferenda domenu. Autor zaključuje da je malo verovatno da se ovo stanje promeni u skorijoj budućnosti, te u tom smislu ukazuje na ultima ratio karakter krivičnog prava – ono je krajnje sredstvo pravne reakcije na određeno protivpravno ponašanje, a, sa druge strane, kada je reč o nuklearnom oružju, situacija je takva da ono još uvek nije apsolutno i univerzalno zabranjeno čak ni od strane nekih drugih, manje represivnih grana prava, a u prvom redu normama međunarodnog humanitarnog prava, kao matične oblasti za materiju zabrane pojedinih (vrsta) oružja.
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