Pojam i etiologija nasilničkog kriminaliteta
Ključne reči:
kriminalitet; nasilje; faktori; psihički činioci; biološki faktori; društveni uticaj; potkultura nasiljaApstrakt
U prvom delu rada objašnjeni su pojmovi kojima se u ovoj oblasti često operiše. Naglašeno je da termini 'agresija', 'agresivnost' i 'nasilje' nisu sinonimi i data su njihova moguća značenja kako bi se izbegli nesporazumi terminološke prirode. Usvojen je izraz 'kriminalno nasilje' kao odgovarajuća oznaka za interpersonalno nasilje koje je zabranjeno normama krivičnog prava. Zatim je ukazano na moguća objašnjenja agresivnosti kroz stavove sledećih teorija: bioloških, psihodinamičkih, teorija učenja, kognitivnih i društvenih. Sledi izlaganje o faktorima koji dovode do kriminalnog nasilja; oni su podeljeni u dve velike grupe: subjektivni ili lični i spoljni. Lični činioci dele se na psihičke i biološke. U prvu grupu svrstavaju se: mentalni poremećaji, psihopatske crte ličnosti, hiperaktvinost i teškoće u učenju, odsustvo samokontrole, uticaji frustracije, besa, mržnje i zavisti, zadovoljstvo i alkoholizam. Od bioloških faktora, analizira se uticaj testosterona, povreda mozga i genetskih nedostataka. Spoljni činioci su podeljeni na prirodne (izlaže se o značaju mesta izvršenja dela, vrućini, buci, zagađenosti vazduha, ličnom prostoru i prenaseljenosti) i društvene. Posebno je ukazano na značaj procesa društvenog učenja, uticaja televizije i video igrica i pripadanja određenoj potkulturi. U zaključnim razmatranjima, izneto je stanovište da je za kontolu kriminalnog nasilja neophodno preduzeti mnoštvo mera kako na potencijalnim mestima izvršenja dela, tako i prema njihovim učiniocima i žrtvama. Čini se da postoje realne mogućnosti za stvaranje osmišljene i delotvorne profilakse ovakvih dela, naročito kada se uzmu u obzir najnovija dostignuća nauka o čoveku i ljudskom društvu.
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