THE RECEPTION OF BADEN AND BAVARIAN CRIMINAL LEGISLATION IN THE CRIMINAL CODE OF THE PRINCIPALITY OF SERBIA OF 1860: SELECTED CONTRIBUTIONS
Рецепција
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51204/HLH_24202AKeywords:
Reception, Serbian Criminal Code, Baden Criminal Code, Bavarian Criminal Code, Legislative commissionsAbstract
This paper analyses the Serbian, Baden, and Bavarian criminal codes of the 19th century and examines the influence of Baden and Bavarian criminal legislation on Serbian criminal law of that era. The Criminal Code of the Principality of Serbia, enacted in 1860, was one of the most significant and enduring legislative acts in Serbian legal history. Alongside the Serbian Civil Code and the Constitution, it formed the foundation of the legal order of both the Principality and the Kingdom of Serbia. The mid-19th century was a period of the development of Serbian legal consciousness, though it was still in nascent stages. Serbia lacked both a sufficient number of legal experts and the time to create an entirely independent criminal code. The drafters had to adopt one of the existing criminal codes as a basis. They chose the Prussian Criminal Code, as Serbia was most closely aligned with German and Austrian legal traditions, and the Austrian Civil Code had already been adopted as the basis for drafting the Serbian Civil Code. The idea of drafting the Criminal Code of the Principality of Serbia emerged in 1855. Two commissions were involved in its creation. Both the Baden and Bavarian criminal codes were consulted when drafting the code. The Bavarian Criminal Code, enacted in 1813, was inspired by the spirit of enlightened liberalism and was based on the French Criminal Code of 1810. The Criminal Code for the Grand Duchy of Baden, issued in 1845, reflected the historical and political developments following the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, with preliminary drafts dating from 1836 and 1839 leading to its final enactment in 1851. This paper focuses on the analysis of these codes to identify which provisions were incorporated from the legislation of these countries, the rationale behind their reception, and the reasons why the drafters chose not to adopt the Prussian Criminal Code in its entirety.
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