FREEDOM OF RELIGION AND THE CONCEPT OF SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND STATE IN EUROPEAN CONVENTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS
Abstract
This paper was written on the occasion of the V Student Conference in Theory and Philosophy of Law, on the topic International and European Law – Theoretical Problems. The discussion of the significance of the term of secularity is crucial for understanding the relationship between religion and the state authorities, on the one hand, and the individual’s freedom of religion, on the other. The ambiance of this relationship is crucial for understanding the entitlement of the rights under Article 9 of the European Convention on Human Rights, and therefore a special emphasis is placed on it, both from the point of historical genesis and from the positive approach. Does secularity mean the complete separation of state and religion, or are there within the same secularity and other modalities, and which are they? Where is in that plurality of moduls in the “postsecular” society, our society and where it should be?
Apart from presenting all the diversity of European modalities, the author in his work emphasizes that it is necessary to redefine the notion of secularity in our society, since, as it is currently perceived, it is completely wrong. The first part deals with the historical genesis of the processes and ideas of importance for understanding the freedom of religion, the second is devoted to the presentation of different models of Church-state relations, while the third, on examples of the practice of the European Court of Human Rights, confirms the thesis that the nature and quality of the state and church relations are crucial for environment within an individual can fully entitle the right guaranteed by the European Convention and its Article 9.
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